Politics and the English language by George Orwell Essay Example for Free

Politics and the English language by George Orwell Essay This is a statement from the Politics and the English language written by George Orwell. He says, A bad usage can spread by tradition and imitation. The whole essay is mocking other writers on their language usage. He claims that the language is not used to its full extent. People use words the size of continents and in the end those big words say the same thing as a three-letter word. Those people also end up confusing them selves in the end. I do believe that language is changed by thought. After all it is the mind that is the one that thinks of the sentences and its thought that may corrupt the language. After all language does not write it self on a paper. The mind can basically create any thing with language. This is why every thing works in theory. But practically it doesnt. I do believe that man creates language to express our selves. Some might use it to corrupt other thoughts but isnt that why language is there. So we can understand each other and express our feelings, thoughts and to claim things, even though they are not true. Language according to the oxford dictionary is defined as: Language noun 1.Words and their use. 2.The words used in a particular country or by a particular group of people [from the Latin lingua=tongue] In a different dictionary it says that language is the system of human expression by means of words. Human language, as expressed by the voice, depends for its production on certain physical characteristics, which are not possessed by the apes. The left hemisphere of the human brain dominates comprehension and expression of written and spoken language. This might be  far searched but maybe this is why communists who believe in all things are equal are called the left wings usually. They are the ones who want to control every thing in life so maybe that is why they are called the left wings. There are more than 5000 languages, or dialects, which are classified in families, though the relationships are not all well established. For example, with a few exceptions, e.g. Basque, Finnish, and Tamil, all the languages of Europe and India belong to a single much diversified Indo-European family. Computers (using rules of language structure) can now translate technical documents with an 80%accuracy. This just shows the diversity of the modern technology. One problem with translating is that different people interpret the text differently. There have been experiments in Nevada USA to see if chimps have the same ability of creating languages that we understand, the scientist figured that since we where related that this could be possible, they found that chimps are not able to produce the human sounds. So at the moment humans are the only ones that have a language. It might be that other animals have languages as well. But the humans have yet to discover this. It has been discovered that animals do have some sort of communication but we cant yet speak dog or cat. Language can corrupt thought as well. A great example is the novel nineteen eighty-four. As part of a great totalitarian state the government creates one language, newspeak, where no emotion words are in the dictionary. With newspeak there is no way of expressing the true emotions, like hate towards Big Brother or love towards one and other. It is possible to disagree with the party by using double negation, or making up words. But the characters in the novel are to scared to do so, because if they do they are committing the act of thought crime, and for that they could be vaporized or worse. Communists set up the whole idea of Big Brother. So as mentioned before this might have to do with the fact that those people want to restrict the growth of the left hemisphere of the brain, as this is the part that lets us speak and write language. They probably want to restrict all things because that  would cause opposition to the party. This might lead to the political party to loose their power or sharing their power. This is something they want to avoid if they want to become a totalitarian state. The opposition might spoil that for them. I wonder in the future if the world will in a way become some thing like Big Brother. One language, every one alike and no one is allowed to be different. What a boring place that would be. I can imagine that one day the world would have one language so would avoid confusions in politics and this would make traveling much easier. Also a students life in high school would be so much easier if you did not have to learn three or four different languages. But language comes along with identity. Going to a different country and hearing a different language is something that might not be any more in the future. We might all be speaking English or a new language like newspeak might be introduced. Maybe the countries might keep their own language but that every country might have that universal language as a second language. But coming back to the point if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought, I do think that language can easily corrupt thought. Not to one self but if lets say, I tell you that the word believe has been taken out of the dictionary and you believe me and immediately tell all your companions this might cause a great confusion about language. I would be the one who spoilt the language, because what word could you use to replace believe? Synonyms of believe are: (according to oxfords Thesaurus.) accept, be certain of, be convinced of, count on, assume, conjecture, consider, gather, and guess. All of these words might be the same, but they cant really replace believe, because as all words, believe has a unique meaning that cant exactly be replaced. In conclusion to ascertain as to if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought, I totally agree. But I dont take the statement as serious as George Orwell does. He gives many examples of bad writing in the essay Politics and the English language, but I think I speak for everyone that one of those examples we use in our language every day. Does this make  us bad writers? According to Orwell we are. I know its just his opinion but he defiantly takes extremes and basically says that all essays, novels, political speeches that dont look like his own style of writing, are bad language.

Does Technology Drive History? Essay -- History Technology Essays

A theme that appears over and over in discussions about technology is whether or not technology is the cause of major social, cultural, political, and economic changes in modern society. Of course, we can find many, many examples of technologies associated with enormous social changes. The automobile, for example, is often spoke of as "causing" a whole array of social changes, from the creation of suburbia, to the development of the fast food industry, to the paving of farm land, to the imported oil vulnerabilities of the 1970s. The popular media is filled with similar examples of new technologies that are going to change everything, from computers to nanotechnologies to new medical devices. And we are often told that we must find ways to accommodate ourselves to these new devices and to the changes they will cause, that we must strive to ride the wave of social flux produced by emerging technologies, or face the dire prospect of being "left behind." This language and these arguments, whether in the general media or in scholarly analyses, are examples of various kinds of technological determinism, the notion that technology is the most powerful force behind the modern world, that technology "drives" history (Smith, Marx, 1994). Those who support this idea often claim more: technology may well be pushing us in directions we do not want to go, that technology has somehow gotten "out of control." Technological determinism comes in different forms. For some, such as the late French scholar Jacques Ellul (1965, 1980, 1990), technology is the most powerful force in modern life, moving according to its own logic, and well beyond the control of humans. Others, such as political theorist Langdon Winner (1977, 1986), assert that tech... ...equired to maintain and operate technological systems, such as electrical power grids, nationwide telephone systems, television networks, etc. While the people involved in technological systems do have the power to make choices -- as the anti-determinists claim -- they must make those choices in settings that can impose significant limits on the range of choices available, as the determinists claim. In other words, the control of technology becomes more difficult, and maybe ultimately impossible, as we move from smaller and simpler structures and artifacts toward much larger, complex, and interdependent systems. It is much more difficult to change our minds about technologies after they have developed such organizational shells as multinational corporations or public utilities, and after so much investment has occurred (Collingridge, 1980, Morone, Woodhouse, 1986).

The Relationship between Education and Income

I TheRelationship between Educion and Income The basic aim of this study is to analyze the link between instruction and income degree. For this ground primary information of marketing staff of Engro Corporation was gathered. This research included 40 functionaries of Engro Corporation. We gave study paper or questionnaire to all of them and besides informed them the ground behind this study so they give right replies. Introduction Education is the chief pillar for any country’s economic sustainability. Education ever play a major function in promotion of any state. Education plays a cardinal function in heightening human values of any state. In many parts of the universe, instruction is good known as built-in portion of human rights. Now instruction is considered more of import than of all time because the universe is going a planetary small town so more and more competition is out at that place. Technology and new innovations are distributing by each passing twenty-four hours. Therefore to get by with this challenge of progress tech epoch states need to bring forth more and more educated and gifted population. As a consequence, poorness and favoritism eliminates itself. For all underdeveloped states it’s of import to transport out all possible attempts to educate their people. Resulting in better homo life criterions, better economic growing and more and more productiveness in all economic sectors. Pakistan as a developing state, it’s in country’s favour to increase literacy rate which automatically decrease poorness ratio in state and addition and prolong societal well-being. With each passing twenty-four hours, demand of skilled and educated workers is increasing in all parts of the universe. This demand proves that both instruction and income are built-in portion of each other. More educated people in state consequences more ratio of income per capita. As literacy rate in Pakistan is really low as comparison to SAARC states. In past few old ages Pakistan authorities seeking to diminish this illiteracy spread. To accomplish this end Government of Pakistan is increasing figure of schools and enrolling good experienced and skilled instructors in all states of Pakistan. More over authorities chief accent is on primary instruction, as primary instruction is the anchor of instruction construction. Due to all these attempts by the authorities, in recent old ages encouraging consequences are popped up. But still there is long long manner to travel. Besides one instruction system is the demand of clip so that every pupil get equal chance to acquire same criterion of instruction so there is no favoritism and stumbling among rich and hapless. Some other factors besides leave immense impact on degree of income. Training and experience despite of the instruction are besides really of import portion to increase or keep degree of income. The degree of demand that exists for the type of labour you are skilled/trained/educated to supply. How long you have been making that peculiar occupation, senior status societal networking and dependability are besides really of import portion. This study is based upon following aims:To detect the verifiable nexus between instruction and income degree.To detect link between the variables itself.To detect short tally relationship between variables.To detect the possibility of causality effects between the variables in Pakistan.Population The population is infinite for this research and all the marketing staff of Engro corporation of Pakistan is included in the population. Target population The population which is traveling to be studied here are the selling employees of Engro corporation of Pakistan Appropriate sampling Techniques A ) Simple Random Sampling The appropriate ground to utilize the simple random trying that, it allows each point in the population to be included in the sample with equal chance of being selected. B ) Stratified trying It is appropriate as the selling staff of Engro corporation of Pakistan can be divided into different groups on the footing of their appellation, inducements and some other similarities. After doing these groups any component from any group can be selected in the sample. C )Convenience Sampling As no planning is required for this sampling and the research worker can choose any sample which is most convenient for him or her so this sampling technique can besides be used. Adopted Sampling Technique Convenience sampling is adopted for this research The restriction involved in this sampling is that, any sort of biasness could go on during trying. For illustration, convenience sample can take to the under-representation or over-representation of peculiar groups within the sample. Sample Size for Current Study 40 selling forces are selected as a sample for this research Nature of Datas The nature of informations for this research is primary. Data aggregation tools/Sources As the nature of informations is primary for research so:The questionnaire was used for the aggregation of informations and it is given bellowGenderMale ( B ) Female2 ) What is your instruction degree? ( a ) Matriculation ( B ) Bachelors or below ( degree Celsius ) Maestro or above 3 ) What is your per month income? ( a ) Below 20,000 ( B ) 20,000 to 40,000 ( degree Celsius ) Above 40,000 2 ) The inquiries for this research are self created and these are selected for the questionnaire because they are relevant to our research. 3 ) Numerical graduated table is used for the above questionnaire because it is largely used for ordinal informations or where there is some interval in the information. Data disposal Procedure As the information under our consideration is primary so:The questionnaire were delivered to the respondents by manus.We told the respondents about our research intent so they were ready to give serious response.By manus the questionnaires were collected back from the respondentsSoftware for Data Analysis SPSS is used for the analysis for the information in this research. Calciferolata AnalysisDescriptive StatisticssNitrogenMeanStd. Deviationinstruction401.6250.74032income degree402.0000.78446Valid N ( list wise )40income degreeFrequencyPercentageValid PercentageAccumulative Percentagebelow 200001230.030.030.020000 to 400001640.040.070.0above 400001230.030.0100.0Entire40100.0100.0The information shows In the sample of 40 selling forces ofEngrOCorporation of Pakistanthere are 12 employees whose income is below the 20000 and 16 employees holding income in between 20000 to 40000 and there are merely 12 employees who are holding the income above 40000.EducationFrequencyPercentageValid PercentageAccumulative Percentagematriculation2152.552.552.5unmarried mans or below1332.532.585.0Masterss or above615.015.0100.0Entire40100.0100.0The information shows In the sample of 40 selling forces ofEngrOCorporation of Pakistanthere are 21 employees holding matriculation grade and 13 are unmarried mans and merely 6 holding the maestro grades.genderFrequency%Valid %Accu mulative %male3382.582.582.5female717.517.5100.0Entire40100.0100.0The information shows In the sample of 40 selling forces ofEngro Corporation of Pakistanthere are 33 employees are male and merely 7 are females. Education degree ( Variable ) N=40 Mean=1.6250 Standard Deviation=0.74032 Income degree ( Variable ) N=40 Mean=2 Standard Deviation=0.78446 . SecondtatisticalHypothesiss The best manner to find whether a statistical hypothesis is true would be to see the whole population. Since that is frequently impractical, research workers use a random sample from the population. There are two types of statistical hypotheses.Null hypothesis. The void hypothesis, denoted by H0, is normally the hypothesis that sample observations result strictly from opportunity.Alternate hypothesis. The alternate hypothesis, denoted by H1or Ha, is the hypothesis that sample observations are influenced by some non-random cause.Study HypothesisThe hypothesis for this research is( H1 ) Income degree is dependent of instruction.( Ho ) Income degree is independent of instructionAppropriate AnalysisIn our research we are seeking to happen out the independency of income degree with regard to the instruction so the trial of independency ( Chi-square ) will be used for the analysis of the above said subject.Chi-Square Trial EducationObserved NExpected NResidualMatriculation2113.37.7unmarried mans or below1313.3-.3Masterss or above613.3-7.3Entire40Chi Square trial give us the undermentioned tabular arraies in it the Observed Frequency of matriculation employees are 21 and Expected Frequencies 13.3 the remainders are 7 and 13 ascertained frequences of unmarried mans and remainders are -3 and in Masterss 1303 are observed and -7.3 remainders mean the informations are non explicating them.Income degreeObserved NExpected NResidualbelow 200001213.3-1.320000 to 400001613.32.7above 400001213.3-1.3Entire40Trial Statisticssinstructionincome degreeChi-Square8.450a.800aDf22Asymp. Sig..015.670a. 0 cells ( .0 % ) have expected frequences less than 5. The lower limit expected cell frequence is 13.3.The Chi Square expression is X2 = ( O – Tocopherol ) 2/E where O is the Ascertained Frequency. Tocopherol is the Expected Frequency in the corresponding class is  ­sum of df is the â€Å" grade of freedom † ( n-1 ) X2 is Chi Square. As the value of chi-square for instruction is greater than 0.5 so it is concluded that the income degree is dependent of instruction so void hypothesis is rejected for this research†¦ Hydrogenistogram A histogram is a graphical representation of the data..the informations should be quantitative veriables. It is foremost introduced by Karl Pearson. The figure shows the information is usually distributed and histogram is symmetric or normal. In the instance of Education the figure shows the histogram is right skewed and more educated employees holding more income and less educated employees holding low income. Calciferoliscussion andConclusion We get a Equation as Simple Equation: More Education = More Income The findings indicate that instruction factors play a important function in doing income.there is direct relation ship between income and instruction as the income addition instruction besides addition. Besides suggest that giving more to instruction is to cut down the degree of income inequality within a country..As state can construct a strong foundation for economic success by puting in instruction. States can increase the strength of their economic systems and their ability to turn and derive high-wage employers by puting in instruction and bettering figure of knowing employees. Investing in instruction is besides best for province s in the long tally, since workers with higher incomes make portion more through revenue enhancements over the class of their life-times. So in Pakistan there is demand to increase Govt budget for instruction so everyone can acquire instruction.As largely people have low income either by ain ego or parents so they don’t continue their surveies so literacy rate is up and frailty versa income degree low.in our state as instruction disbursals is really high a adult male holding low income cann ot continue the ducation and cant participate in growing of economic system of their state. Calciferolirections for future Research 1.Future research should see some other veriables like accomplishments, experience, competency, diligence, fortune, 2.It should be addressed to increase the apprehension. 3.This survey was merely on corporate sector of Pakistan, but it should be conducted in other sectorsof state. 4.In this stresearch information was primary holding few variables ; if this restriction can be increase in the hereafter so consequences will be moreaccurate. 5. Future research should be done into different Sectors so as to detect the consequence of income on instruction at international degree.

Life Is A Challenge For The Health Care System - 996 Words

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